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''Aeterni Patris'' (''(the ) Eternal Father'') was an encyclical issued by Pope Leo XIII in August 1879. ==Introduction== In August 1879, eighteen months into his pontificate, Pope Leo XIII (formerly Joachim Cardinal Pecci, bishop of Perugia), issued the encyclical letter ''Aeterni Patris''. The aim of the encyclical was to aid and advance the restoration of Christian philosophy, which he felt had fallen into danger and disrepute by adhering to modern trends in secular philosophy, by urging a return to the scholastic thinkers of the Middle Ages, most especially the Angelic Doctor St. Thomas Aquinas, and the related philosophical system of Thomism.〔(Gilley, Sheridan. "The Papacy", ''The Cambridge History of Christianity'', Vol. 8 , Cambridge University Press, 2006, p.20, ISBN 9780521814560 )〕 The encyclical attempts to clarify the roles of faith and philosophy (later to be covered again in John Paul II's encyclical, ''Fides et Ratio'' (On Faith and Reason), showing how most beneficially each may profit from the other. The purpose of Leo XIII was the revival of St. Thomas's philosophy and the continuing of his spirit of investigation, but not necessarily the adoption of every argument and opinion to be found in the works of the scholastics.〔(O'Riordan, Michael. "Æterni Patris." The Catholic Encyclopedia ) Vol. 1. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1907. 18 November 2015〕 According to the encyclical, the philosophy most conformable and useful for the faith is that of St. Thomas. The vigorous reintroduction of St. Thomas into the Catholic philosophical teaching was perceived by many as a bold and unprecedented step by the new pope. Indeed, since the French Revolution, most pontiffs had preferred to condemn the errors in contemporary philosophy, not to recommend explicitly a return to the old. The encyclical, however, was no surprise to any acquainted with Cardinal Pecci, who had for years been spearheading a Thomistic renaissance in the schools in his diocese of Perugia, leading to such theologians and philosophers as Reginald Garrigou-Lagrange, Etienne Gilson, and Jacques Maritain. The interpretations and effects of the encyclical have been varied, some using it to authorize a return to a strict adherence to St. Thomas, others believing the document urges more a return to the spirit of Thomistic thinking. However various the effects may have been, the document has at least succeeded in reestablishing since its promulgation St. Thomas as a central figure in Catholic philosophy. The content of the encyclical was strongly influenced by Tommaso Maria Zigliara professor from 1870 to 1879 at the College of Saint Thomas, the future Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas, ''Angelicum."Zigliara also helped prepare the great encyclicals Aeterni Patris and Rerum novarum and strongly opposed traditionalism and ontologism in favor of the moderate realism of Aquinas."〔(Benedict Ashley, ''The Dominicans'', 9 "The Age of Compromise," Accessed 19, 2013 )〕 Zigliara, a member of seven Roman congregations including the Congregation for Studies, was a co-founder of the Academia Romano di San Tommaso in 1870. Zigliara's fame as a scholar at the forefront of the Thomist revival at the time of his rectorship of the College of St. Thomas after 1873 was widespread in Rome and elsewhere.〔( Francisco J. Romero Carrasquillo. "Ite ad Thomam", Accessed Feb. 6, 2013 )〕 Following the publication of this encyclical Pope Leo XIII created the Pontifical Academy of St. Thomas Aquinas on October 15, 1879 and ordered the publication of the critical edition, the so-called "leonine edition", of the complete works of Aquinas, the ''doctor angelicus''.〔 The superintendence of the leonine edition was entrusted to Zigliara. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Aeterni Patris」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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